| Class |
Description |
Number of genes in class |
Genes in SilenceSelect |
Genes in FLeXSelect |
| Anti-apoptosis |
Proteins that directly inhibit any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis |
153
|
79
|
35
|
| Apoptosis Signaling |
Proteins that participate in a process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis |
187
|
85
|
39
|
| CD Molecules |
The cluster of differentiation (cluster of designation) are cell surface molecules present on leukocytes |
347
|
209
|
91
|
| Cell Adhesion Proteins |
Proteins involved in cell adhesion process |
157
|
62
|
25
|
| Cell Cycle Proteins |
Proteins involved in cell cycle processes |
471
|
153
|
63
|
| Cytochrome P450 |
Cytochrome P450 proteins (or CYPs) are primarily membrane-associated proteins, located either in the inner membrane of mitochondria or in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells. CYPs metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous compounds. |
56
|
51
|
2
|
| Cytokines |
Signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication |
208
|
208
|
57
|
| Chemokines |
This class of cytokines is characterized by small size (they are all approximately 8-10 kDa in size), and the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape |
49
|
49
|
20
|
| Hematopoietic cytokines |
Hematopoietic growth factors (abbr. HGF) or Hematopoietic cytokines, which act on cells of the hematopoietic system |
27
|
27
|
7
|
| IL-1 Family Cytokines |
This class primarily includes IL-1 and IL-18 |
11
|
11
|
3
|
| IL-10 Family Cytoklines |
This class includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26 |
6
|
6
|
1
|
| IL-17 Family Cytokines |
Cytokines of this class have a specific effect in promoting proliferation of T-cells that cause cytotoxic effects |
5
|
5
|
1
|
| Interferon Family Cytokines |
Cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells |
15
|
15
|
0
|
| PDGF Family Cytokines |
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) |
9
|
9
|
5
|
| TGF-beta Family Cytokines |
Transforming growth factor beta family of cytokines |
29
|
29
|
6
|
| TNF Family Cytokines |
TNF-like cytokine class |
19
|
19
|
4
|
| DNA Repair Proteins |
Proteins involved in DNA repair |
168
|
37
|
13
|
| Enzymes |
Proteins that catalyze various biochemical reactions |
3383
|
2081
|
531
|
| Hydrolases |
Class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a chemical bond |
590
|
254
|
75
|
| Isomerases |
Class of enzymes catalyzing the structural rearrangement of isomers |
90
|
38
|
10
|
| Ligases |
Class of enzymes that can catalyse the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, usually with accompanying hydrolysis of a small chemical group |
165
|
23
|
10
|
| Lyases |
Class of enzymes that cleave various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation |
93
|
26
|
6
|
| Oxidoreductases |
Class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions |
420
|
227
|
33
|
| Phosphatases |
Class of enzymes that remove a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group |
215
|
167
|
19
|
| Proteases |
Class of enzymes that conducts proteolysis of peptide bonds. This class includes: Serine proteases, Threonine proteases, Cysteine proteases, Aspartate proteases, Metalloproteases and Glutamic acid proteases. |
570
|
498
|
198
|
| Transferases |
Class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). |
1237
|
851
|
190
|
| GPCR |
Ligand-sensing receptors that upon ligand binding activate an associated G-protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP |
753
|
386
|
233
|
| Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotide GPCRs |
Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotide Receptors |
17
|
17
|
15
|
| Adhesion GPCRs |
Adhesion-GPCRs have vital dual roles in cellular adhesion and signalling |
32
|
32
|
6
|
| Chemokines and chemotactic factors GPCRs |
Chemokine receptors are predicted to be a seven transmembrane domain proteins similar to G protein-coupled receptors |
29
|
29
|
26
|
| Frizzled/Smoothened GPCRs |
Members of the frizzled gene family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for Wnt signaling proteins. Smoothened (Smo) receptors are non-classical G-protein-coupled receptors that belong to the Frizzled family. Smoothened receptors lack the ability to directly interact with their endogenous ligand, Hedgehog (Hh). |
13
|
13
|
6
|
| Lysolipids GPCRs |
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors from a group known as EDG receptors. These receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily |
14
|
14
|
11
|
| Odorant/olfactory and gustatory GPCRs |
The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals |
355
|
13
|
13
|
| Opsins |
Group of light-sensitive 35-55 kDa membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors of the retinylidene protein family found in photoreceptor cells of the retina |
10
|
9
|
2
|
| Secretin GPCRs |
The secretin-like GPCRs include secretin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptides and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors |
47
|
47
|
11
|
| Serotonin Receptors |
The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors are a group of G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous system |
12
|
12
|
8
|
| Taste Receptors |
Receptors that facilitate the sensation of taste |
17
|
1
|
0
|
| Ion Channels |
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane. |
353
|
282
|
20
|
| Anion Channel Activity |
This class include among others chloride channels |
58
|
46
|
8
|
| Cation Channel Activity |
Includes potassium, calcium, proton channels |
296
|
244
|
16
|
| Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Activity |
Also known as ionotropic receptors, this group of channels open in response to specific ligand molecules binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor protein. |
147
|
128
|
11
|
| Other Ion Channels |
Class of proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in ion transport |
28
|
14
|
3
|
| Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Activity |
Voltage-gated channels open and close in response to membrane potential. |
159
|
129
|
4
|
| Kinases |
Class of enzymes alternatively known as phosphotransferase that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates. Protein kinases transfer phosphate to a protein. |
547
|
535
|
120
|
| AGC Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
Includes the cyclic-nucleotide-dependent family (PKA and PKG), the protein kinase C family, the ?-adrenergic receptor kinase (?ARK), the ribosomal S6 family and other close relatives. These kinases have a strong preference for phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in close proximity to the basic amino acids Lysine and Arginine. |
61
|
61
|
11
|
| Atypical Kinases |
The Atypical kinases are a small set of protein kinases that do not share clear sequence similarity with other conventional kinases |
25
|
25
|
1
|
| CAMK Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases |
70
|
70
|
16
|
| CK1 Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
Casein kinase family |
12
|
12
|
4
|
| CMGC Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
Includes cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), glycogen synthase kinases (GSK) and CDK-like kinases |
60
|
60
|
22
|
| NEK Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
Similar to NIMA (never in mitosis A) kinases |
11
|
11
|
2
|
| RGC Receptor Guanylate Cyclase Kinases |
The receptor guanylate cyclases are a small ePK group similar in sequence to the Tyrosine Kinase group |
5
|
5
|
0
|
| STE Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
The STE group includes many protein kinases involved in MAP kinase cascades |
54
|
53
|
10
|
| TKL Ser/Thr Protein Kinases |
Tyrosine kinase-like kinases are serine-threonine protein kinases named so because of their close sequence similarity to tyrosine kinases. |
34
|
34
|
12
|
| Tyr Protein Kinases |
Tyrosin protein kinase family |
91
|
90
|
17
|
| NHR |
Nuclear hormone receptors class |
48
|
48
|
27
|
| Protease Inhibitors |
Proteins that inhibit proteases |
21
|
21
|
6
|
| Protease Substrates |
Class of proteins that are themselfves substrates for different proteases. Information relating to the specific residue requirements spanning the protease cleavage site in peptide substrates is often used in assisting the development of specific inhibitors and in identifying possible in vivo protein substrates. |
326
|
214
|
90
|
| Protein Phosphatases |
Specific class of phosphatases that remove a phosphate group from a protein. Their action is opposite to that of kinases. |
170
|
142
|
19
|
| Receptors |
General class of receptor proteins |
1698
|
957
|
388
|
| Coreceptors |
Class of cell surface receptors that binds a signaling molecule in addition to a primary receptor in order to facilitate ligand recognition. |
17
|
7
|
7
|
| Ligand-Dependent Nuclear Receptors |
Class of ligand-dependent receptors found in the nucleus of the cell |
59
|
53
|
28
|
| Neurotransmitter Receptors |
Class of receptors activated by neurotransmitter ligands: The majority of neurotransmitter receptors are integral membrane proteins with seven transmembrane domains, commonly coupled to G-proteins. Binding of a ligand to its specific neurotransmitter receptor may result in the activation of a myriad of cell signal transduction pathways and modulation of ion channel homeostasis. |
98
|
92
|
30
|
| Other Receptors |
Proteins that are not similar to most common receptor classes |
413
|
150
|
56
|
| Pattern Recognition Receptors |
Pattern recognition receptors, or PRRs, are proteins expressed by cells of the innate immune system to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. They include the large families of membrane-bound Toll-like receptors, cytoplasmic NOD-like receptors and Endocytic PRRs. |
12
|
9
|
1
|
| Peptide Receptors |
A specific group of G protein-coupled receptors that respond to small peptides |
114
|
108
|
71
|
| Phorbol Ester Receptors |
Receptors modulated by Phorbol Esters. These receptors have been implicated in many cancer development studies and inflammatory responses. |
11
|
11
|
2
|
| Photoreceptors |
Group of chromo-proteins that initiating a signal transduction cascade upon exposure to a certain wavelength of light |
11
|
6
|
1
|
| Transmembrane Receptors |
A large group of transmembrane receptors |
1174
|
716
|
295
|
| Scaffold Proteins |
Proteins that interact and/or bind with members of a signaling pathways, tethering them into complexes |
38
|
19
|
5
|
| Secreted/Extracellular |
Secreted and extracellular proteins |
3673
|
1791
|
727
|
| ECM |
Extracellular matrix proteins |
129
|
94
|
23
|
| Senescence Proteins |
Proteins involved in senescence |
6
|
2
|
2
|
| Signal Transduction |
Proteins involved in signal transduction |
2041
|
1224
|
478
|
| Small molecule targets |
Genes that code proteins that are potentially druggable with small molecules |
4569
|
2836
|
802
|
| Structural Constituents of Cytoskeleton |
Proteins that contribute to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure |
67
|
14
|
3
|
| Transcription Cofactors |
Proteins that link a sequence-specific transcription factor to the core RNA polymerase II complex but does not bind DNA itself. |
300
|
69
|
41
|
| Transcription Factors |
Contain DNA-binding domain (DBD), Trans-activating domain (TAD) and an optional signal sensing domain (SSD) (e.g., a ligand binding domain) |
1362
|
174
|
110
|
| Translation Regulators |
Proteins that are involved in positive or negative regulation of translation |
69
|
9
|
2
|
| Transporters |
Proteins that move substances, both uncharged and charged (ionic), across cell membranes |
524
|
329
|
47
|
| Accessory Factors Involved in Transport |
Proteins that in some way facilitate transport across one or more biological membranes but do not themselves participate directly in the transmembrane translocation of a substrate are included in this subclass. |
34
|
14
|
4
|
| Electrochemical Potential-driven Tranporters |
Transporter proteins that utilize a carrier-mediated process to catalyze uniport (a single species is transported either by mediated diffusion or in a membrane-potential-dependent manner if the solute is charged), antiport (two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process, not utilizing chemical free energy), or symport (two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a coupled process, again not utilizing any form of energy other than the electrochemical potential gradient). |
46
|
24
|
3
|
| Primary Active Transporters |
Transporter proteins that use the free energy of P-P bond hydrolysis to drive the movement of substances against their chemical or electrochemical potential gradient as well as oxidoreduction-driven transporters |
111
|
59
|
13
|
| Transporter Channels and Pores |
These transporters usually catalyze the movement of solutes by an energy-independent passage through a trans-membrane aqueous pore without evidence for a porter (i.e. carrier)-mediated mechanism. |
160
|
105
|
21
|
| Transporter Electron Cariers |
Class of a few proteins which act as translocators of electrons across the membrane |
9
|
4
|
1
|
| Ubiquitination |
Proteins that participate in the process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein |
93
|
16
|
8
|